{"id":377,"date":"2012-09-03T17:38:33","date_gmt":"2012-09-03T15:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rexxer.kharkov.ru\/?p=377"},"modified":"2012-09-03T17:38:33","modified_gmt":"2012-09-03T15:38:33","slug":"freebsd-backup-and-restore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/?p=377","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD backup and restore"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0437\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430: http:\/\/www.daemonforums.org\/showthread.php?t=2238<\/a><\/p>\n

Here i will cover how to backup\/restore (to file) FreeBSD using native utilities called dump <\/strong>and restore<\/strong><\/p>\n

note: dump and restore works only for UFS (aka FFS)<\/p>\n

Backing up system<\/strong><\/span>
\nTo backup system you need to use dump utility<\/p>\n

backup:<\/p>\n

\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ dump -0Lauf \/path\/to\/backups\/ad0s1d.dump \/dev\/ad0s1d<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Backup and compress on the fly<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ dump -0Lauf - \/dev\/ad0s1d | bzip2 > \/path\/to\/backups\/ad0s1d.dump<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
-0<\/strong> – means to backup entire filesystem
\n-f name<\/strong> – output to file\/device, or to stdout if you use –<\/strong>
\n-a<\/strong> – you need this if you output to file.
\n-L<\/strong> – needed if you backup mounted filesystem<\/p>\n
Restoring system<\/strong><\/span>
\nto restore system restart in single user mode
\nformat filesystem that you want to restore
\nin backup example, we backed up \/dev\/ad0s1d, so let’s format it now<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ newfs -U \/dev\/ad0s1d<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
now you need to mount it<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ mkdir \/mnt\/target\n$ mount \/dev\/ad0s1d \/mnt\/target<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Let’s imagine you backed up files to usb stick (da0, in root directory)
\nwe need to mount it<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ mount -t msdosfs \/dev\/da0 \/mnt\/usb<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n

\nImportant note: you need space in temp to be able to restore
\nif you run out of space in tmp, mount some filesystem somewhere and
\ncreate symbolic links from \/tmp and \/var\/tmp to that mount point<\/span><\/p>\n
now to restore from backup you need to cd to dir where you mounted partition that you want to restore<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ cd \/mnt\/target<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
to restore from uncompressed backup<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ restore -rf \/mnt\/usb\/ad0s1d.dump<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
to restore from compressed backup<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ bzcat \/mnt\/usb\/ad0s1d.dump.bz2 | restore rf -<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
And that is it
\nnow you can delete file dumpdates (or something like that, check for weird file in target directory, in our case \/mnt\/target)<\/p>\n
now unmount filesystems and reboot<\/p>\n
Moving system<\/strong><\/span>
\nyou can move system from disk to disk on fly with<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ newfs -U \/dev\/ad2s1a\n$ mount \/dev\/ad2s1a.... \/target\n$ cd \/target\n$ dump -0Lauf - \/dev\/ad1s1a  | restore -rf -<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
you can do the same using sudo<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ sudo echo\n$ sudo dump -0Lauf - \/dev\/ad1s1a  | sudo restore -rf -<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Some notes<\/strong><\/span>
\nyou can do incremental backups – backup everything and then backup only  files that have changed since (on current backup level) see manual for  more info<\/p>\n
you can use dump\/restore to clone your system to other PC’s
\nyou will probably need to copy Master Boot Record (MBR) as well<\/p>\n
to backup MBR:<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ dd if=\/dev\/ad0 of=\/path\/to\/mbr.img bs=512 count=1<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
to restore MBR:<\/p>\n
\n
Code:<\/div>\n
$ dd if=\/path\/to\/mbr.img of=\/dev\/ad0 bs=512 count=1<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Tips<\/strong><\/span>
\n* I prefer to compress backup, you can guess why<\/p>\n
* if you backup \/usr you may delete content of ports directory
\nthis will speed up backup process, and reduce size of backup…
\nIt’s good thing because by the time you will restore \/usr from backups
\n\/usr\/ports will be outdated, and you will need to update them anyway.
\nAnd portsnap works very well (fast) in fetching ports<\/p>\n
* I prefer to do full backups, that way you can be 100% sure, there won’t
\nbe any confusing situations<\/p>\n
* if you want to do backups while using filesystem, make sure you haven’t
\ndeleted .snap directory, on partition that you want to backup<\/p>\n
* if you have backed up encrypted drive, you need to somehow encrypt backups
\nbecause if someone gets these files, he can restore them to his pc, and read your files at will. (I used this method in FreeBSD + Geli guide<\/a>, to encrypt drive, but process can be reversed)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0412\u0437\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430: http:\/\/www.daemonforums.org\/showthread.php?t=2238 Here i will cover how to backup\/restore (to file) FreeBSD using native utilities called dump and restore note: dump and restore works only for UFS (aka FFS) Backing up system To backup system you need to use dump utility backup: Code: $ dump -0Lauf \/path\/to\/backups\/ad0s1d.dump \/dev\/ad0s1d Backup and compress on the fly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-freebsd","category-novosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dety.net.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}